Resource 5.1C: Indigenous Systems Examples

Hauora (Health System)

Purpose: Wellness of whānau, hapū, and iwi through holistic care.

Key Features: Spiritual, mental, physical, and family health treated together. Rongoā (traditional medicine) alongside modern healthcare.

Rūnanga (Council System)

Purpose: Community decision-making and conflict resolution.

Key Features: Consensus-based decisions, elder wisdom, collective responsibility for outcomes.

Kaitiakitanga (Environmental Management)

Purpose: Sustainable guardianship of natural resources.

Key Features: Seven-generation thinking, spiritual connection to nature, sustainable harvesting practices.

Whakapapa (Genealogical System)

Purpose: Connect people to each other, land, and knowledge.

Key Features: Tracks relationships, inheritance rights, cultural knowledge, and responsibilities.

Hui (Gathering System)

Purpose: Community consultation and collective decision-making.

Key Features: Everyone has voice, consensus seeking, shared responsibility for implementation.

📋 Teacher Planning Snapshot

Ngā Whāinga Ako — Learning Intentions

Students will engage with this resource to apply systems thinking to real-world civic and community challenges — analysing feedback loops, leverage points, and emergent properties within social, environmental, and governance systems in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Ngā Paearu Angitū — Success Criteria

Differentiation & Inclusion

Scaffold support: Provide systems mapping templates and sentence starters for entry-level access. Offer extension tasks asking students to identify a second-order effect or design an intervention at a leverage point within their chosen system.

ELL / ESOL: Pre-teach systems thinking vocabulary (feedback loop, leverage point, emergence, interdependence) using visual diagrams. Allow students to annotate systems maps in their home language first.

Inclusion: Use visual, spatial, and collaborative formats wherever possible — systems maps are inherently accessible for diverse learners. Neurodiverse learners benefit from structured inquiry steps and chunked analysis tasks. Ensure group roles are clearly defined.

Mātauranga Māori lens: Systems thinking has deep resonance with Te Ao Māori. Whakapapa is a relational map of systems — tracing connections between people, place, and time. Kaitiakitanga frames our responsibility within systems. Mauri provides a measure of system health. These indigenous concepts enrich Western systems thinking frameworks.

Prior knowledge: Students should have completed foundational systems thinking lessons (phases 1–2) before engaging with phase 3 inquiry tasks. No specialist prior knowledge required for standalone resources.

Curriculum alignment