Biotechnology Ethics Through Māori Worldview
"Ko te pae tawhiti whāia kia tata, ko te pae tata whakamaua kia tīna"
"Seek out distant horizons and cherish those you attain"
Introduction
This resource explores ethical considerations in biotechnology through the lens of Te Ao Māori (the Māori worldview). We will examine how Māori concepts like kaitiakitanga (guardianship), whakapapa (genealogy), and tapu (sacredness) provide unique perspectives on contemporary biotechnological issues.
Learning Objectives
- Understand key Māori ethical frameworks relevant to biotechnology
- Analyse biotechnological issues through both Western and Māori perspectives
- Evaluate the cultural implications of genetic modification and other biotechnologies
- Develop culturally informed positions on biotechnological ethics
- Communicate ethical considerations using appropriate Māori concepts
Cultural Context
Māori perspectives on biotechnology are deeply connected to concepts of:
- Whakapapa - The interconnectedness of all living things through genealogy
- Mauri - The life force present in all living things
- Tapu - The sacredness of certain organisms and biological materials
- Kaitiakitanga - The responsibility to protect and care for the environment
Activity 1: Comparing Ethical Frameworks
Compare Western bioethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice) with Māori ethical concepts listed above. Create a Venn diagram showing similarities and differences.
Case Study: Genetic Modification of Native Species
Scientists propose using gene drives to eliminate introduced predators threatening native birds. Consider:
- How might Māori view the modification of any species' whakapapa?
- What are the kaitiakitanga responsibilities in this situation?
- Does the potential benefit to native species justify the means?
Discussion Questions
- How does the concept of mauri affect views on creating artificial life forms?
- What cultural protocols might need to be considered when working with human DNA from Māori participants?
- How can Western science and mātauranga Māori work together in biotechnology?
Assessment
Option 1: Write a formal report analysing a biotechnological issue through both Western and Māori ethical frameworks (1000 words)
Option 2: Create a digital presentation comparing perspectives on a biotech issue, including interviews with Māori experts
Option 3: Participate in a formal debate on a biotech issue, demonstrating understanding of Māori perspectives
Extension Activities
Advanced Research
Investigate the WAI 262 claim regarding Māori rights over indigenous flora and fauna. How does this relate to biotechnology patents?
Creative Response
Create an artwork or digital story that expresses Māori perspectives on biotechnology using traditional and contemporary media.
Teacher Notes
Implementation Guide
- Preparation: Consult with local iwi or Māori advisors about appropriate protocols
- Lesson 1: Introduce Māori ethical concepts through whakataukī and examples
- Lesson 2: Case study analysis in small groups
- Lesson 3: Comparative ethical framework activity
- Lesson 4-5: Research and assessment work
Cultural Safety Considerations
- Ensure proper pronunciation of Māori terms (provide audio if possible)
- Be aware that some students may have strong personal/cultural views
- Do not require students to share personal whakapapa if uncomfortable
- Present Māori perspectives as equally valid to Western perspectives
Adaptations
For ESOL students: Provide vocabulary lists with definitions, use more visual supports
For differentiated learning: Offer choice in assessment format, provide structured templates for ethical analysis
For extension: Connect with university researchers working in this field
"Mā te whakaaro nui e hanga te whare, mā te mātauranga e whakaū"
"Big ideas create the house, knowledge maintains it"